VIP Russians

Biography Gleb

admin — Tue, 09 Nov 2010 21:53:32 +0000

Gleb (Prince Pereyaslavs'kyi and Kiev) (died 20.01.1171) – son of Grand Prince Yuri Dolgoruki. He was first mentioned in chronicles in 1146 This year Kolteske death of his brother John Y.. Bitterly mourned the deceased, Gleb and his brother Boris took the body of John in the Suzdal to his father with pity. " In 1147, together with his father – being in league with Sviatoslav Olegoviches, Prince Seversky – Gleb opposed Izyaslav Mstislavich, Grand Prince of Kiev who came to Yuri Dolgoruky nephew and Gleb – cousin. In Kursk, ruled at that time the son Izjaslava Mstislav. When approaching Gleb and Svyatoslav Olgovich residents Kursk said the prince, that are happy to stand for him against Olegoviches, but will not fight with Gleb – a descendant of Vladimir Monomakh. Mstislav nothing to do but go to her father, and the people sent to the Kursk Gleb and took him mayor. First of Kursk and the whole area along the river to the Sejm was given Svyatoslav brother Gleb John, after the death of John Svetoslav conceded, apparently, this whole parish Gleb, who appointed his lieutenants on the rivers of the Seimas and Vyryu, where an alliance with many Polovets hordes. Only a few cities remained loyal to Izyaslav. At the onset of winter, guards Chernigov princes, with the help Polovtzy took place at the right bank of the Dnieper, and their ally Hleb took Gorodec Oster, formerly belonged to his father. Instead of having to go to Kiev at the call Izyaslav Gleb toward Pereyaslavl, part of the inhabitants of which, dissatisfied Izyaslavom or his son Mstislav, prince with them, invited them to his Hleb, promising to send him to town. Informed of the approximation Hleb, Mstislav went against him and his troops, but neither one nor the other decided not to join the battle, and the next day Hleb departed. Mstislav rushed after him and seized part of the army and Hleb managed to get to the state itself.The attack led by Igor Pereyaslavl Izjaslava with his men and Berendeys go to the state itself. Chernigov princes came to the aid of Gleb, despite the fact that he sent to tell them: 'Go on Izjaslav me, help me! " After a three-day siege, Gleb asked Izyaslav asking about the world. Izjaslav agreed to this request, leaving Igor Gorodec and returned to Kiev. Igor but did not stop communications with the prince of Chernigov, and he sent word to them: "I could not help kissing cross Izyaslav: he surrounded me in the city, but you are not using it, but now again I want to be with you." For such a friendship with Olegovichy Izyaslav selected Gleb Gorodets Oster and gave his older brother, Gleb – Rostislav, who had come to him from Novgorod to complain about my father because he gave his parish. In Gorodets Izjaslav Rostislav gave five cities, which previously had Svyatoslav. In 1150, having captured Kiev, Yuri Dolgoruky parish distributed among his sons: Gleb received Kanev. Izjaslav not want to come to terms with the loss of Kiev and had sent to seek help from their relatives: the King of Hungary and Poland and the Czech princes. Hleb was at the time above Peresopnitsy, on the river Stubla in tents. Izjaslav so suddenly attacked him and seized the camp, volunteers and horses, that Hleb had barely time to escape the city. He was sent to Izyaslav with a bow. "As my father Yuri, so me and you are my father, and I bow to you: you are my father himself knows, but I let go of his father, and Swear Virgin Mary, that does not grab me, and let go to my father, so I will go myself to you, and bow. Izjaslav sworn and told me to give this response: "You do your brothers, for you and there is no speech, offend me, your father and we can not live." Izyaslav eagerly accepted Gleb, offered him lunch, and then sent to his son Mstislav, who, after seeing him for Korchesk, told him: "Go, brother, his father, a parish that my father and my on Horyn. Hleb went to her father, and Izjaslav went to a black hood.After some time, when switched to Kiev Izyaslav, who "bowed" his uncle Vyacheslav Kiev, they both sent a message to Yuri Dolgoruky: "bow down to thee: go in Suzdal, a son, planted here in Pereyaslavl: the matter with you can not be here, bring upon us again Polovechens. Jury requested permission to spend some time in town; Izyaslav and Vyacheslav agreed that he had spent a month there, and if after this period, he was not going to Suzdal, they pulled him in town the same way as it is now in Pereyaslavl. Leaving Pereyaslavl Gleba, Yuri went to town, but did not keep his oath, and stayed there longer than a month. Izjaslav with the allied princes and Berendeys was beset by Yuri in town, and he struggled for a long time and finally, receiving no assistance from nowhere, had to kiss the cross, he would go to Suzdal. Before leaving he left in Horodok son Gleb Pereyaslavl Yuri, apparently lost for perjury. In 1154 Yuri undertook an expedition to the south, but two things made him, not reaching Kozelsk return to Suzdal: open horse deaths in his army, and help from Polovechens came to him in a lesser amount than he expected. Consequently, he sent Hleb in the steppe for the additional hiring Polovechens. Having collected an army, Gleb started Pereyaslavl; take the city failed, but he took Piryatin River Udae. Soon Hleb was Pereyas of its ally, the Chernigov prince Izjaslava Davidovich, who took the Grand Buffet in Kiev after the death of Vyacheslav. In 1156, Izyaslav Davidovich was forced to cede Kiev Yuri Dolgoruky and Pereyaslavl remained for Gleb, who will soon, according to the wishes of his father, married the daughter Izjaslava Davidovich. In 1157 Yury died, and the Kiev throne went from one prince to another. In 1168 the southern princes aversion to Grand Prince Mstislav II of Kiev took the eldest son of Yuri Dolgoruky, Andrew Bogoliubsky, and claimed the precedence and Kiev.In the march were many princes, including Gleb. Kiev was under siege and was first subjected to the fate of the city, taken on board, according to the chronicler, in Kiev, were then "all the people moaning and yearning, sorrow and tears of inconsolable continuing. Bogolyubski Andrew Power in the north was so great and strong, that he did not wished to exchange Suzdal to Kiev and ordered his son Mstislav plant in Kiev followed it (ie for Andrew) seniority Gleb. Having become Prince of Kiev, Gleb gave Pereyas his infant son, Vladimir. Soon after voknyazhenii Hleb set Polovechens entered into the Russian land: one part was in Sand, the other crossed the Dnieper at Kiev and located at Korsun. They sent a message to Gleb: "God and Prince Andrew was put you on his grandfather's and father's throne in Kiev. We want you to approve the agreement and swear to you, and you have given us, that we should not fear each other." Hleb has promised to attend the congress, and, after consulting with his retinue, went first to Pereyaslavl, to protect his 12-year-old son, Vladimir. Polovtsy, which stood at Korsun, he sent a warning that will make peace first with Polovtsy located at Pereyaslavl, and then with them. In fact, agreeing with Pereyaslav Polovtsy and endowing them Hleb moved together with his brother Mikhalkov and his retinue of Korsun. Meanwhile, Kherson Polovcians, believing that the act too late by Gleb Pereyaslavl, went hunting to the city is full of Volyn, belonged to Kyiv Tithe church, where they captured many prisoners, horses, cattle and sheep and led to her in the Polovtsian land.Hleb found out about this, being on Perepetovskom field, and intended to strike at Polovechens but Berendei prevented him, saying: "do not come, the prince you decent ride only with a great army and with other princes, whose team is better some of the brothers and part Berendeys! " Gleb heed their advice and sent, under the command of his brother Michalka, one hundred and fifteen hundred pereyaslavltsev Berendeys. Hike Michalka succeed, and he returned to Kiev, winning Polovechens and deprive them of their prisoners. At a time when Hleb was still in Pereyaslavl, Mstislav II
of Kiev, no hope to regain Kiev, approached him with a large army and occupied it without hindrance. Then Mstislav went against David Rostislavich to Vyshgorod, but the siege failed, because most of David had a lot of squads, but his brothers and Gleb sent him help. While standing under Mstislav Vyshegorod Gleb Polovtsy rushed to Kiev, which came in and, Mstislav, seeing the treachery of his allies, fled to Volhynia, where he died in August 1170 Gleb not much outlast him: he died on January 20, 1171 and was buried in Kiev at the Spassky Monastery (near the Saviour in Berestove) ibid was laid and his father. According to the chronicler, Hleb was "bratolyubets, sacredly kept kissing the cross, was characterized by gentleness and propriety, like monasteries, the revered monastic rank, generously give alms to the poor. "Vol. Coll. Eng. Annals." Vols. I, II, IV V, and VII; "Annals of Ipatskomu list", ed. Arheogr. Commission, St. Petersburg., 1871; Karamzin, "East. Educat. Ross.", II, and III; Plyushar, Collegiate Encyclopedia ", v. 14; Soloviev," History of Russia ", II; Ekzemplyarsky," Great and specific princes Northern Russia ", St. Petersburg., 1889, I. V. Korsakov.

Biography of Maurice Thorez

admin — Tue, 09 Nov 2010 19:39:27 +0000

Torez Maurice (28/04/1900 – 07/11/1964), figure of the French and international workers' and communist movement. He was born in a miner. Before 1920 worked as a farmhand, a miner. In March 1919 joined the Socialist Party, was actively involved in the struggle for its adherence to the Comintern. Since the founding of the French Communist Party (PCF, in December. 1920) Torez became one of its prominent figures. Since 1924 Thorez – tsp. Central Committee of the PCF. Tsp. Politburo and Central Committee secretary in 1925, 1930 – June 1964 Secretary-General of the PCF in June 1964 before. PCF. Since 1932 Thorez – deputy French Parliament. In 1928 – 1943 was tsp. Executive Committee of the Communist International (Comintern) in 1935 – 1943 tsp. Presidium of the ECCI. For revolutionary activity Torez repeatedly subjected to harassment and repression. Torez played an important role in creating the French military Marxist-Leninist party of new type, based on the principles of democratic centralism, led a bitter struggle in the labor movement of France and in the ranks of the PCF, and in the international workers' and communist movement against right-wing opportunism, revisionism, and and against sectarianism and dogmatism. Great credit is Thorez strategy and tactics of the united front of anti-monopoly of all the workers and democratic forces in the struggle for peace, democracy and socialism. In 30-ies. On the basis of Marxist-Leninist concept of the allies of the proletariat, Torez theoretically substantiated slogan creation of the Popular Front as a union of the working class and peasantry and urban middle classes; Thorez a prominent role in the formation of the Popular Front in France and its activities ( 1935 – 1938) in the interests of the toiling masses. On the eve of 2-nd World War 1939 – 1945 Torez appealed to the struggle against fascism and stressed that security interests require the establishment of strong ties of friendship and alliance of France with the USSR.During the war, the PCF led Thorez sponsored a nationwide struggle against the Nazi occupiers. The Manifesto of July 10, 1940, signed Thorez and J. Duclos, CC FKP urged the French people to organize and unite the forces of the Resistance Movement in the struggle against the invaders. In 1945 – 1946 Torez minister without portfolio in 1946 – 1947 Deputy. prev. Council of Ministers, together with other communist ministers Torez achieved a series of laws in the interests of workers. Torez strongly defended Nat. the sovereignty of France, denounced the unpopular policy of the bourgeois ruling circles, while engaged in 1949 the country into NATO. In the midst of so-called. Cold War Torez, true internationalist duty, the slogan: "The people of France will not, will never fight against the Soviet Union!". Torez extensively developed the thesis that in the modern era war could be averted. In his speeches in 1949 and 1950 Torez stated that the current war ceased to be a foregone conclusion and that peace can be preserved and sustained by the joint efforts of all peace-loving peoples. Since the 2-Second World War Torez did a lot for the further development of Marxist-Leninist theory and practice of revolutionary working class and communist movement. Given the rich experience of the French and the international communist and workers' movement, creatively applying the Leninist theory of proletarian revolution to the national and state characteristics and traditions of France, Torez indicated the possibility for France, new, inclusive and peaceful, ways to socialism. On the basis of Marxist-Leninist thesis that the struggle for democracy is an integral part of the struggle for socialism, Torez at the 15 th Congress of the PCF (1959) stressed that in modern times between the stages of democratic and socialist transformation there is a long historical intervals, so because working-class leadership in the political struggle brings these two phases.Torez noted that, although the forms of transition to a socialist revolution may be different, it can not happen without the sharp class struggle. After the establishment of the French regime of the Fifth Republic (1958) and increasing the power from State-monopoly capital FCP, led Thorez, put his Sec. task of achieving unity of action of the working class and all democratic forces to fight for the profound economic, political and social changes, for genuine democracy as a step towards socialism. Torez stressed the need for participation of intellectuals in a single anti-monopoly front. Of particular importance attached Torez unity of action of communists and socialists, he believed that the Communist Party should be in the interests of the working class, put first things that unite the democratic forces, not the differences that divided them. Torez advanced the proposition that the cooperation of the Communist Party and the socialist and other democratic organizations need not only to achieve genuine democracy, but also for the construction of socialism. Torez waged an uncompromising struggle against bourgeois ideology, anti-communism and anti as serious obstacles to the promotion of peace, democracy and socialism. On the 17 th Congress of the PCF (1964) Torez said that the international communist and workers, as well as national liberation, the movement would never have reached such a recovery without the Great October Socialist Revolution, no great creative work of the Soviet people. Torez considers the struggle for detente, peace an integral part of workers' struggle for their political and social liberation.Original internationalist, Torez consistently called for the support of the revolutionary and democratic movements of peoples in the capitalist countries and national liberation movements of the colonial and dependent countries, was the strongest opponent of colonialism and neocolonialism, and opposed the wars that led French imperialism in the French colonies.

Cit.: CEuvres, t. 1 – 23, P., 1950 – 1965; CEuvres choisies, v. 1 – 3, P., 1965 – 1967, in Russian. per .- fav. Random., v. 1 – 2, Moscow, 1959; fav. articles and speeches. 1930-1964, Moscow, 1966, son of the people, Moscow, 1960.

Lit.: Varfolomeeva RS, Problems of Democracy and Socialism in the works of Maurice Thorez in Sat: French annual. 1967, Moscow, 1968; Sedykh W., Heirs of the Commune, Moscow, 1968; Fréville J., M. Torez, per. with France., Moscow, 1961, Kono and J. Zhoanes V., Thorez – a man, a fighter, per. with France., Moscow, 1975; Kasatkin GP, Thorez, Biobibliografich. Index, Moscow, 1975; Histoire du Parti communiste francaise, P., 1964.

Biography of Albert the Bear

admin — Tue, 09 Nov 2010 02:34:30 +0000

Albert the Bear (Albrecht der Bar) (1100 – 18/11/1170), the first Margrave of Brandenburg in 1150, the house Ascanio. Received in 1134 from Emperor Lothar III Northern brand, began the conquest of land Slav lyutichey. To this end, participated in the crusade against the Slavs 1147, failed. In 1150, after the death of Prince gavolyan Pribyslava, seized the main center gavolyan Branibor. Conquest of Albert the Bear accompanied by the extermination of the local population, it forced Christianization and colonists from Germany and the Netherlands.

Biography Vassiliev Yuri Petrovich

admin — Mon, 08 Nov 2010 18:12:09 +0000

Vasiliev Yuri Petrovich – the first secretary of the Pskov Regional Committee of the Communist Party since 1993, member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, was born in 1950, graduated from the Pskov branch of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute. Kalinin, worked at the Pskov factory automated telephone exchanges (PBX) at various positions on the desktop to the deputy director, was elected secretary of the Party Committee of the plant, the secretary of Party Committee of Pskov, in 1991 he worked at the plant Avtoelektroapparatura; since 1992 – Deputy Director of Plant PBX for businesses.

Biography Zhigalkin Yuri

admin — Mon, 08 Nov 2010 16:22:33 +0000

Yuri Zhigalkin (1971). Head of Payment Systems "MDM-Bank (Moscow) since July 2000, was born in 1971, graduated from the Institute of Asian and African Studies of Moscow State University in 1995, the All-Russian Correspondence Financial and Economic Institute in 1998; 1994-1996 – Specialist Resource Bank; 1996-2000 – Senior Specialist, Chief Specialist, Head of Development Office of plastic cards of Bank of Moscow.

Biography Pitertseva Yury

admin — Mon, 08 Nov 2010 10:19:32 +0000

Petersburgers Yury (17/07/1950) – Deputy Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Interregional Association "Siberian Agreement". Born in Novosibirsk. He graduated from the Novosibirsk Aviation College in 1969, the Novosibirsk Institute of Railway Engineers in 1977 From 1984 to 1985 – Head of Capital Construction Oblsovprofa; from 1985 to 1987 – Chief Engineer Mochischenskogo Reinforced Concrete Plant, from 1987 to 1988 . – work in Zaeltsovsky District Council of People's Deputies, from 1988 to 1992 – Director Mochischenskogo Reinforced Concrete Plant, since 1992 – Deputy Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Interregional Association "Siberian Agreement". Awarded the medal "For Labour Valour".

Biography Balthazar

admin — Mon, 08 Nov 2010 06:27:01 +0000

Belshazzar – the last Babylonian king, whose name is mentioned in the biblical story of the fall of Babylon (Daniel V, 1 – 30). Despite the siege of the capital taken by Cyrus, the king and all the inhabitants, having at his wealth of products that could blithely indulge in the pleasures of life. On the occasion of a holiday – we read in the Bible – V. gave a magnificent feast, to which were invited to thousands of nobles and courtiers. Desktop bowls were precious vessels, selected by Babylonian invaders in various subject peoples, among other things, expensive vessels from the Jerusalem temple. In this case, the custom of the ancient pagans, celebrated Babylonian gods, which proved victorious earlier and therefore will be victorious, and now, despite all the efforts of Cyrus and his secret allies, the Jews, with their Jehovah. But in the midst of the feast on the wall of a hand of man, and slowly began to write some words. Seeing her, "the king's face changed its, his thoughts confused, weak links of his loins, and his knees in terror smote one against the other." Called the wise men were unable to read and explain the inscription. Then, on the advice of the queen, called the aged prophet Daniel, who more than once, even when Nebuchadnezzar, showed extraordinary wisdom, and he actually read the inscription, which in Aramaic briefly stated: "Mene, Mene, Tekel on the wall." It meant: "Mene – God has numbered your kingdom and put an end to it; Tekel – You have been weighed and found wanting; PERES – Thy kingdom is divided and given to the Medes and Persians." "The tighter that night – continues the biblical story – Belshazzar, king of the Chaldeans slain" (Daniel V, 30). The very name of Belshazzar, as mentioned in the Bible alone, and its position in the series of Babylonian kings was the subject of numerous scientific disputes. Some scholars and critics, as for example. De Vetta, found it possible to assume the name of Vladimir fictitious. In the Bible, Nebuchadnezzar's son Belshazzar is called; between.Yet we know that Nebuchadnezzar had only one son, Evil-Merodach, after which ruled Babylonia yet three kings. In view of this, some identified with V. Nabonidus. But against this identification speaks undeniable fact that Nabonidus was taken prisoner by Cyrus before the siege of Babylon, and was not killed, but was kept in honorable captivity. The first thread to the undoing of this difficult historical question was given the known Assyriologists Henry Rawlinson. During excavations of the great temple in Ur, it was discovered in 1854, several cylinders with inscriptions of Nabonidus laid the foundation of the temple. At one of these cylinders has a large inscription, which refers to God Nabonidus moon with the following supplication: "extend my life for many years and (as life) Bel-sar-usura, my eldest son, what happened to me." Of this inscription it is clear that Nabonidus was the eldest son, named Bel-sar-usur, or at the Greek transcription, Balthazar. As the eldest son, he was apparently the heir to the throne, and the custom of the Babylonian kings could be called upon to manage, as a co-ruler, still lie to the life of his father. With Balthazar to the fall of Babylon was already an adult, able to take part in public affairs, this is another indication of cuneiform inscriptions, now housed in the British Museum, and contains a chronicle of events that preceded the downfall of Babylon, and directly behind him. In it, under the 11 th year of the reign of Nabonidus, so for five or six years before the fall of Babylon, mentioned the son of the king, as commander in chief the troops. When Nabonidus was captured, Balthazar could actually become the king of Babylon at least nominally them and considered Nabonidus.With regard, finally, that, that Balthazar is the son of Nebuchadnezzar, it is simply explains the well known feature of Jewish or even the Eastern way of thinking, in which the father is not only a real father, and grandfather, grandfather and even the distant ancestor (just as Christ called the son of David, every Jew is the son of Abraham, etc.). Nabonidus was married to the daughter of Nebuchadnezzar – traces. Belshazzar was the grandson of the king, and in a solemn voice he could call himself simply as his son. The history of the VA associated one more question. The biblical story suggests (although it accurately and not said about this), that Babylon was besieged and taken by force (or trick), so protective of his night Belshazzar was killed in a skirmish with the enemy. Herodotus, in turn, describes in detail the very siege of Babylon, and that a stratagem, which appears Cyrus was to capture an impregnable except the capital. Meanwhile, in the above-mentioned clinical record deal, apparently, it seems otherwise. According to her, victorious Cyrus defeated the Babylonian army in the open field, "without a battle down to Babylon in the sixth day of the month Tammuz (ie, July). However, this expression can be understood in the sense that Cyrus was a battle went up to Babylon. In the same chronicle, further explains, although quite clear that from Babylon was self-defense, manifested in resistance to some "rebel guchi", which before the winner was locked gates Beat Saggatu, ie huge building, which houses the royal palace. Despite the fact that they had an extreme shortage of weapons, they kept there for four months, so that "Cyrus entered Babylon in the third day of the month Arahsamna", ie In October or November. Only after this cuneiform document starts to send the details of the first steps of management of Cyrus in Babylon. Thus, the cuneiform texts, at least not contradict Herodotus. Wed (T. Rawlinson, "Egypt and Babylon" (1885, p.147 – 161), by his "Ancient Monarchies" (2 nd ed.) E. Babelon in "Annales dephilos. Chret." (January 1881); G. Pinches in the "Transactions of the Society of Biblic. Archeology" vol VII; Vigouroux, "La Bible et les decouvertes modernes" (1885, v. IV, p. 511 – 545). The text of cuneiform documents see "Transactions", v. VII, and in "Records of the Past" (Vol. V and XI).

Biography of Thomas Mann

admin — Mon, 08 Nov 2010 01:08:20 +0000

Mann, Tom (15/04/1856 – 03/13/1941), figure of the British labor movement. In 1866 – 1870 worked in the mines since 1870 ironworker. Active leader of the Social Democratic Federation (founded in 1884). One of the organizers of the London dockers' strike (in 1889), in 1890 – 1893 Chairman of the Union of dockers. In 1893 participated in the creation of the Independent Labour Party in 1894 – 1897 was the secretary of the party. In 1901 – 1910 he lived in Australia and New Zealand actively promoted the establishment of trade unions and the spread of socialist ideas in these countries. During the 1 st World War in 1914 – 1918 occupied internationalist position. In 1916 he joined the British Socialist Party. In 1920 was one of the founders of the Communist Party of Great Britain. In 1924 – 1932 Honorary Chairman of the Movement minorities. Cit. in Russian. per.: Memoirs, M. – L., 1924.

Biography The leader Violetta Constantinovna

admin — Sun, 07 Nov 2010 22:29:16 +0000

Koshevaya Violetta K. (5/17/1940). Member of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the second convocation (1995-1999), was a member of the Communist Party faction, member of the Committee on Women, Family and Youth President of the Astrakhan regional department of All-Russian Public Movement "People's Patriotic Union Russia, a member of the Coordinating Council NPSR.

Born May 17, 1940, graduated from the Volgograd State Pedagogical Institute and Rostov College, worked as a teacher educator in the school extended day, after the College was a secretary of the Rostov Harabalinskogo District Party Committee, since 1981 – Director of Technical College, Ministry of Agriculture of Astrakhan Russia, was awarded the Order " Badge of Honor, Distinguished Teacher of Russia, married and has three children.

Biography of Martin Luther King Jr.

admin — Sun, 07 Nov 2010 19:43:40 +0000

Martin Luther King (1/15/1929 – 4/4/1968), figure Negro Movement USA, one of the leaders of the struggle for civil rights.

In 1955 he graduated from Boston University with a degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Baptist pastor (since 1954).

In 1957 he organized and led the american "Southern Christian Leadership Conference."

Starting out as a bourgeois liberal, King in the last years of his life came to an understanding of the social nature of racial problems and the need for social reform, urged blacks to the unity of action with white workers.

King has developed and widely resorted to active non-violent mass actions in the fight for civil rights.

The first major black leaders spoke out against U.S. aggression in Vietnam.

Nobel Peace Prize (1964).

He was killed by racists.

Lit.: Kondratyev SN, Life and death of ML King, [MA], 1970;