Gustav II Adolf (1594 – 06/11/1632) – King of Sweden, son of Charles IX and Christina of Holstein, was born in 1594 in Nikepinge, ascended the throne in 1611, his twenty-year reign is with one of the most brilliant pages in the history of Sweden is important important he was, and in world history. Charles IX devoted much trouble and work best upbringing G. and reached what I wanted. G. was one of the most educated rulers of his time, spoke fluently in German, Dutch, French, Italian and Latin, had the information, and in Russian, in Polish LANG. From the mathematical sciences, the total likely to engage in mathematics and history. With age 11letnego D, already present at the Diet and in the councils of his father, at receptions for foreign ambassadors. Two people had a great influence on the young G. – John Schytte and Axel Oksensherna (Oksenshtirna). Last G. at the beginning of his reign, was appointed Chancellor and kept him sincere friendship and affection until his death. On the throne, Gustav Adolf had inherited from his father's hostile attitude to the aristocracy and the three wars – with Denmark, Russia and Poland. G. aristocracy bent on his side, gave her many privileges and promised all conform to the wishes of the Seimas. Danish war, otherwise called Kalmar War, King graduated in 1613 in the world Knerede. Danes wanted to keep for themselves Squid I Elfsborg; G. had to defend these two cities and for the ransom of one million thalers pinned them to Sweden. Misunderstandings between Sweden and Russia have still under Charles IX. War with Moscow was intended to oust Russian from the Baltic Sea in the Gulf, ended in 1617 Stolbovsky world, which the Swedes had Yam, Ivangorod Koporie, Noteborg and Kexholm. G. Adolph rejoiced and said the results achieved before the Sejm: "Now the Russian section of our lakes, rivers and swamps, through which it is not so easy to get into us." After the Russian war, all the attention G.was drawn to Poland; began long dynastic struggle, which had a European dimension and, as a moment in the struggle against Catholicism and Protestantism. The Polish war was a "prelude to war with the Habsburg house. Until 1618 the war was fought on Polish territory. In 1621, two years after the armistice, the Swedes took Riga and moved the war in Kurland. The new truce, until 1625, GM spent an internal activity, transformed the army and navy. About 1626 began the so-called. Prussian War. Britain, France and the Netherlands, wishing to draw, in part to the German war, offered his mediation to reconcile it with Poland. The latter help Austria. In 1629 it was signed 6 year truce between Poland and Sweden: G. retained a Livonia and Prussia – the mountains. Elbing, Brownsburg, Pillai and Memel. In 1630, G. Adolph is involved in the 30 years of war. The reasons for him to intervene in a European quarrel, were political and religious. Noting the desire of Ferdinand II foothold in the Baltic Sea and lest Ferdinand, having reached it, not helped Sigismund II acquire the Swedish throne, G. Adolph assisted Stralzundu. The victory of Protestants over Catholics undoubtedly threatened and Protestant Sweden. The secondary reasons include interception of letters emperor G. Adolphus, impairing its title, non-Swedes in Lübeck Congress, help Poland. And the political and religious reasons were so closely connected that separated from one another is impossible. Meanwhile, some scientists, as Droysen exclusively political motives put forward, others (Helbig, Gardiner, and others) – religious. – In Germany, G. fought with the best generals of the time – Tilly, of Breitenfeld (7 – 17 Sept.. 1631), and Wallenstein, the Lyutsena. He was killed in the last battle, November 6, 1632 Married to Mary-Eleanor Brandenburg, he left behind him an only daughter, Christine. Reign G.is an epoch in the history of constitution and the history of public education Swedes. Internal and external grandeur of Sweden in this reign stood in direct connection with the Thirty Years War. G. brought them together through it to Sweden with the rest of Europe, Sweden has given impetus to progress. He lifted the national spirit and put the Swedes to Sweden, along with first-class European countries. G. was a great politician and a fighter for religious freedom, not to recognize this duality in it – it means intentionally stop on one side of the phenomenon, ignoring the other. Parliament in G. Adolph, became a permanent institution and broke up into reyhskollegii. G.-H. Simplified fiscal system, setting up trade relations with Russia, the Netherlands, Spain and France, restored Uppsala University, to establish schools. G. was also a great tactician, he founded a new method of warfare. G. Adolph left, not counting the numerous letters, a number of works of historical content (ed. Styuffe in 1861). In addition to general histories of Sweden and 30 years of war, see Hollenberg, "Svea Rikes Historia under KG-Adolf den stores regering" (1790 – 1796; brought to 1628); Cronholm, "Sveriges Historia under G. II Adolf regering (1857); Droysen, "G.-Adolf" (1869 – 1870); G. Forst, "Politics of Sweden in the Time of Troubles" (J. MN Acad., "1889 – 1890).

September 3rd, 2010 Subscribe to the RSS feed!